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RESUMO Este estudo propõe uma abordagem combinada do modelo força motriz-pressão-estado-impacto-resposta (FPEIR) com a modelagem de alocação de água para avaliar as estratégias de gerenciamento da demanda hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Apodi-Mossoró (RN). O crescimento populacional aliado ao desenvolvimento econômico, a inadequada gestão e as mudanças climáticas são as forças motrizes para a escassez hídrica e os conflitos do sistema hídrico em análise. O Sistema Integrado de Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hídricos do estado é responsável pela gestão da bacia em foco. Os instrumentos da Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos (definidos pela Lei nº 9.433/97) encontram-se parcialmente implementados na bacia. A Companhia de Águas e Esgoto do Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN) projeta a ampliação do sistema hídrico. Nesta pesquisa, o sistema Apodi-Mossoró foi analisado frente a quatro estratégias de alocação e variações nas condições requeridas para os seus reservatórios. A análise realizada mostra falhas no atendimento às demandas do sistema, as quais poderão ser amenizadas nas estratégias que incorporam a gestão da demanda de água e o aporte das águas da transposição do Rio São Francisco. Os resultados permitem sugerir medidas adaptativas de economia de água, incluindo o seu reúso, como opções para um melhor planejamento e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos da bacia.
ABSTRACT This study proposes a combined approach of the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) model with water allocation modeling to evaluate water demand management strategies in the Apodi-Mossoró River Basin (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). Population growth coupled with economic development, inadequate management and climate changes are the driving forces for water scarcity and the conflicts of under analysis here. The State's Integrated Water Resources Management System is responsible for managing the basin in focus. The instruments of the National Water Resources Policy (defined by Law 9.433/97) are partially implemented in the basin. The Water and Sewage Company of Rio Grande do Norte projects the expansion of the water system. In this research, the Apodi-Mossoró System was analyzed considering four allocation strategies and variations in the conditions required for its reservoirs. The analysis shows failures in meeting the demands of the system, which can be mitigated through strategies that incorporate water demand management and water transfers from the São Francisco River Basin. The outcomes suggest adaptive water saving measures, including water reuse, as options for better water planning and management in the basin.
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Objective: To study the mechanism of action of Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) in the treatment of Alzheimer'sdisease (AD) from a systematic network level using network pharmacology. Methods: The active ingredients of DSS intreating AD was screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCSMP), and thedrugs-targets-disease network was built. Target organ localization network, GO analysis and Pathway enrichmentanalysis were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: 51 kinds of DSS active ingredients were screened by networkpharmacology, showing 377 predicted targets of active compounds. Among them, 197 targets were associated with AD, and the pharmacodynamic targets of DSS active compounds were highly enriched with AD-related signals. The pathwaywas closely related to the reduction of Aβ aggregation and inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and biological processessuch as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis, and the mRNA expression of the targeted gene was mainly enriched in theliver, heart, and brain. Conclusion: DSS active compounds interact with multiple targets in multiple ways in a synergisticmanner, mainly to produce important therapeutic effects on AD with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, enhancingmetabolism and immune system.
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Objective To compare the impact of bowel preparation on postoperative complications of patients undergoing radical cystectomy(RC) with ileal conduit diversion(ICD) by meta-analysis.Methods All literature were collected from VIP,CNKI,WanFang Data,CBMdisc,Pubmed,Medline,Embase dated from inception to April 2016.Then literature were grouped into mechanical bowel preparation and nonmechanical bowel preparation,whose differences in the wound,intestinal function,infection and other complications were compared.Results Three RCTs,four cohort studies and 656 cases were taken into account.No statistical difference was observed in the wound infection,wound dehiscence,fascia dehiscence,intestinal obstruction,anastomosis fistula,intestinal fistula,urinary leakage,death of indicators between the two groups.Conclusion Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation did not reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications of the patients with RC undergoing ICD.
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All the Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) containing raw and processed products of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China were inquired and adverse drug reactions of the CPMs were searched in CNKI. And then a systematic analysis about adverse drug reactions accroding to processing, compatibility, and indication was conducted by statistical approach. The CPMs with adverse drug reactions were composed of 13 preparations containing raw products of PMR and 37 processed products containing processed products of PMR. The common adverse drug reactions of preparations containing raw products of PMR were gastrointestinal reaction, dry mouth, liver damage, allergic reactions, and palpitations, and these reactions mostly happened when these preparations were used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. The common adverse drug reactions of preparations containing processed products of PMR were liver damage, gastrointestinal reaction, and allergic reactions, and these reactions mostly happened when these preparations were used in the treatment of white hair, hair loss, alopecia areata, weakness, anemia, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. There was a certain negative correlation between number of herbs and incidence of adverse reaction. To sum up, incidence of adverse reactions of CPMs containing raw and processed products of PMR is high, but still lacks a clear evidence of the association between adverse reaction of preparations and the toxicity of PMR. A systematic research on the safety of CPM included PMR is needed.
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Patient safety has become an important policy agenda in healthcare systems since publication of the 1999 report entitled "To Err Is Human." The paradigm has changed from blaming the individual for the error to identifying the weakness in the system that led to the adverse events. Anesthesia is one of the first healthcare specialties to adopt techniques and lessons from the aviation industry. The widespread use of simulation programs and the application of human factors engineering to clinical practice are the influences of the aviation industry. Despite holding relatively advanced medical technology and comparable safety records, the Korean health industry has little understanding of the systems approach to patient safety. Because implementation of the existing system and program requires time, dedication, and financial support, the Korean healthcare industry is in urgent need of developing patient safety policies and putting them into practice to improve patient safety before it is too late.
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Humans , Anesthesia , Anesthesiology , Aviation , Delivery of Health Care , Financial Support , Health Care Sector , Ergonomics , Medical Errors , Patient Safety , Publications , Systems AnalysisABSTRACT
To reveal the intrinsic characteristics and rules of change within the system for evaluation of human resources for military medical sciences .We intended to gain insights into the system for the evaluation of human resources for military medical sciences while analyzing the effect of the environment of military medicine , competitions for talents and regulations on the evaluation system .We also interpreted the system structure composed of the evaluation subject , evaluation object and evaluation activity as well as their interactions .We also made an attempt to study value evaluations , judgment functions and functions of selection , guidance , manipulation and supervision and the self-consistency mechanism between the above-mentioned functions .We also analyzed the features of this complicated system and rules of evolution .
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Mathematical modeling of ecosystems requires a considerable amount of knowledge about the subsystems functioning within the broad framework and the various rate processes and transfer coefficients that control the dynamic aspects. A detailed analysis of the transfer rates and budget of inorganic carbon and nutrients in a simulated pond was conducted for assessment and comparison with aquatic bodies that undergo cultural eutrophication. In these systems the processes are complicated by a variety of inputs. Such inputs interfere with the assessment of lake background conditions and water quality. We used the compartmental model of biogeochemical cycling to calculate transfer rate of inorganic carbon and nutrients through various processes. The major external variables or forcing functions considered were light and temperature, while the state variables included the biotic and the abiotic compartments. The major processes studied were: photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition that play an important part in balancing the nutrient content of the system and maintain a dynamic equilibrium. The study illustrates how computational modeling studies are useful for analysis and management of systems for control and optimization of processes. The system shows a perfect cycling of carbon and the rate of withdrawal is equal to the return keeping the system in balance. About 0.284 m moles l-1 is withdrawn from the reservoir for primary production each day and returned back through respiration and decomposition. The concentration of nitrates and phosphates resonate in tune with the utilization of carbon and productivity.
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According to the characteristics and demands of network training,the network training and examination system based on Brower/Server model is designed.The system is discussed in details from the aspects of demand analysis,system structure,system workflow and function design.
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Based on the requirements of quality assurance during drug control process,a quality assurance system is developed for drug control in the institute of drug and equipment control.The results show that the method developed in this paper is much suitable tothe process of drug control and can be applied tocontrolling the quality from the drug receiving tothe drug releasing.The quality assurance system guarantees that the detected data are achieved scientifically and efficiently.
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Objective To analyze and design database on ship medicinal materials and equipment management information system. Methods According to the principle and requirement of information engineering methodology, the operation requirement and data requirement were analyzed, and the database was designed including its concept, logic and physics models. Results The design and method of the database were proposed. Conclusion A basic data platform is established on ship medicinal materials and equipment information collection, storage, transmission, exchange and utilization.